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Bailey Kargo! IB HOTA 3rd period
English vs. Spanish Colonization
From 1500 to 1700, the English colonization of the Chesapeake region and the Spanish
colonization of the Central/South American region varied greatly in their primary motivations for
settlement and the lasting effects imprinted into both societies. The English motives in settling
the Chesapeake region were more economically-based, seeking greater economic opportunity
and employment, while the Spanish effort took on a more religious approach that ended up
having long-term effects on the way their culture and society developed. The effects both
colonies felt differed in many ways, primarily due to the varying motivational
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Huguenots and Catholics. He went to Queen Elizabeth in England in the hope of obtaining supplies for Charlesfort. Instead, the English monarch arrested him for violating Spanish territory. Rene Laudonniere was sent to rescue the Charles for colony. To the South, a small French Protestant settled in an area of Florida, which destroyed by the Spanish in 1563.French lost interest in colonization of the New World because the initial attempts at colonization in North America had failed and they failed to find any gold or silver. More importantly, the country was occupied with internal religious and political problems related to the Protestant Reformation that split France. It was not until the
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English motives for colonization were to first develop a profitable colony and later became a haven for pilgrims to flee religious persecution.Following the English transformation of their economy into a wool exporting economy, many people were left with no land after having been taken over by sheep pastures. When the first English arrived in North America, they were looking to get rich. The theory of mercantilism increased competition among European nations. Every European state was trying to find markets for its exports while trying to limit its imports. One result was the increased attractiveness of acquiring colonies, which could become the source of goods that a country might otherwise have
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Ireland’s ‘feminine’ nature became enmeshed in England’s discourse on colonization. Viewed as the weak, ineffectual woman, Ireland was in need of the strong resolute man to control her. The land (and her people) would be dependent on – and subservient to – the control of English masculine domination. This relationship between colonialism and landscape created Ireland as the geographic object of English power. Seen as ‘an essentially feminine race,’ the gendering of both the people and the landscape by the English is understandable in the historical context of colonial efforts to control Ireland. The representation of Ireland as woman has a long history within an Irish context. Ériu
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In the late 1500s and early 1600s, the Americas had been discovered and establishment of the New World had begun. Spain, Portugal, England and France all led the way in early colonization. European nations were involved in the colonization of North and South America, but all had different approaches. Spain and Portugal were similar in the way they inhabited the land but had different reasons for colonization. France approached colonization somewhat different, they were not focused on land but on the economical impact that trade would have on their nation. England focused on colonization of North America completely different. The English had a deeper desire to explore the new world and
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there is no stigma or expectation for them to be married. Olanna teaches education for the children's future. She teaches the Biafra nationalism and English language to the children. She gains this ability by colonization which allowed women to pursue higher education. She uses her skills to give back to the community. Kainene leads a refuge group providing supplies to the Biafra during the war. There is less Igbo traditions restricting theses women who become leaders of health and education, the representation of the future Africa. The colonialism in Africa allows more autonomy for women beyond the role of motherhood.
The role of Europeans pre-colonization was to spread their influence thus
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In the late 1500s and early 1600s, the Americas had been discovered and establishment of the New World had begun. Many European nations were involved in the colonization of North and Latin America, but all had different approaches. Spain and Portugal were similar in the way they inhabited the land, but had different reasons for colonization. France approached colonization somewhat different, they were not focused on land, but on the economical impact that trade would have on their nation. Holland and England focused on colonization of North America completely different. Holland's views were rooted in trade possibilities for their homeland. The English had a deeper desire to explore the new
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because Christianity was one of the strongest foundations that aided the exploitation of Africa.
As mentioned by Khapoya, “the goal of missionary schools was to give African English or ‘biblical’ names.” By introducing English names to Africans, Europeans were slowly converting Africans to western culture. Missionaries laid the foundation for colonization in Africa by making Africans submissive to western culture. In missionary schools, Africans were taught western culture and missionaries saw this achievement as civilizing Africans from their barbaric ways of living. I believe without the help of missionaries, imperialist would have found it quite difficult to fully colonize the
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, to the vast contributions of French and Latin.Varieties of EnglishFrom around 1600, the English colonization of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words "froze" when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Some expressions that the British call "Americanisms" are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain (for example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up, was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood
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Donnelly twins are supposed to have hunted after Yolland and when Lancey threatens to terrorize the villagers. One of the problems of using communication through language is that it is a weapon that can be used against you as well as for you. This is evident when Sarah, (who has just learnt to talk) tells Manus (who taught Sarah to talk), that she saw Maire with Yolland together.The play is set at a time when colonization is occurring through education and thus language in Ireland, rather than through brute force. It is a time of division in Ireland between those who claim to be looking forward to progress in Ireland with the incorporation of the English language and those who want to preserve the
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atmosphere; "Everything arranged coldly on shelves was what I thought." (Forster 68). Aziz had an idea of British homes and the way they should appear and obviously, he was pleasantly wrong. His feelings of admiration toward British architecture can be seen on page 73 as he continues to describe Mr. Fieldings house, " 'I wish I lived here. See this beautiful room! Let us admire it together for a little.' " Again, these examples exemplify the welcoming of some aspects of British colonization.
Daniel Defoe in his book, Robinson Crusoe, also gives an example of the English building England everywhere. However, his perspective is from the English point of view. After leaving the beauties and
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history. As a result the so-called 'pure' vowel sounds, which still characterize many continental languages, were lost. The phonetic pairings of most long and short vowel sounds were also lost, which gave rise to many of the oddities of English pronunciation, and which now obscure the relationships between many English words and their foreign counterparts (History of English). All these changes where known as the Great Vowel Shift.Slowly the language spread due to colonization and conquest. In almost four-hundred years the language has not changed very much, except for how it is used. Today, English is the unofficial language of business and trade. It is and first language to many, and a
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language is English. That is why English become one of the official language in South Africa.
As for the political system, South Africa had a tremendous change on this part. Before there was colonization, we cannot say South Africa is an integrated country, because did not have a controlling government for the whole state. Every parts of the country was controlled by a different tribe. And every tribe had different cultures, different languages, different religious and even different rites. And before the Dutch or British came, the largest tribe in South Africa is Zulu. Zulu also was the most powerful South Africa. And also controlled the most of the power of economic, political and social
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How the Colonization Era affected Authors
The atmosphere of which a writer adapts to affects his/her works. The writer's environment, and the churnings of history that feed the writer, gives him the material whereby he can construct, and create in. History, in this instance the colonization of the American continent, dictates what and how he is to write. Authors such as John Smith, William Bradford, and St. Jean de Crevecoeur are all examples of this. The atmosphere or society these authors were in directly affected the attitude, tone, genre, etc. of their works. This can be shown both by facts in history and their actual writings of that period.
During the 17th century Pilgrims
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primarily revolved around gold and slaves. These trading posts were eventuallyopened up to the English and Spanish, which served to be a great factor in colonizing theirempires. Also, plantations were created on some islands in Africa where slaves did the laborand the Portuguese were able to make large amounts of profit. Portugal's colonization of theAmericas were set up mainly in present day Brazil. The Treaty or Tordesillas declared thatthe New World would be divided between Spain and Portugal.The main motive for Portugueseexpansion was to purify their subjects. All of these ventures were funded by their government,which desired to extend their slave trading to the Americas in attempt to Glorify
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communication that allows them to develop their communicative competence. It focuses on the function of the language rather than its form.
Extended Questions
Question 1:
Do you think British colonialism or American political, economic and cultural power was most important in making English the global language? Why?
It is difficult to say which one of these two processes was the most important in making English a global language. Both British colonialism and American political, economic, and cultural power have been complementary processes in the spread of English around the globe. British colonization spread to different areas worldwide over the centuries, and this process laid the
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The English colonies in the New World were not started for the purpose of being long-term settlements. In 1606, King James I of England granted the Virginia Company of London, a joint-stock company, a charter for settling in the area of present-day Virginia (The American Pageant, p. 28). The purpose was to gain a quick profit, but instead it hatched the beginning of a major colonization experiment. Beginning in Jamestown, colonization spread north up to present-day Maine, and south down to present-day Georgia. As the colonies developed, they were put into two categories; northern and southern. Topography, climate, and the various motivations for colonizing had a large influence on the
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Americans. These people, who had had America so long for just themselves, suddenly found themselves on the receiving end of the might of the Europeans - something that they were obviously against. They weren't however, necessarily against the Europeans coming to settle in a peaceable fashion. To understand this, we can look at the English colonization of Plymouth in the 1620's. When the English first landed at Plymouth, they were pretty clueless and were about to starve to death when the Native Americans decided to take action. They offered the English their support, showing them how to catch fish and getting them through the winter. In the spring they gave them some of their own corn to plant
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The atmosphere of which a writer adapts to affects his/her works. The
writer's environment, and the churnings of history that feed the writer,
gives him the material whereby he can construct, and create in. History, in
this instance the colonization of the American continent, dictates what and
how he is to write. Authors such as John Smith, William Bradford, and St.
Jean de Crevecoeur are all examples of this. The atmosphere or society these
authors were in directly affected the attitude, tone, genre, etc. of their
works. This can be shown both by facts in history and their actual writings
of that period.
During the 17th century Pilgrims, which were a group of Separatist Puritans,
disliked
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started with the idea that brining language to the people through religion would set the standard for all. The Golden Age of Great Britain began under Queen Elizabeth I and with it, the idea that Britain needed to expand its empire and set out and “discover” the world. The British Empire set out to the Americas in two vastly different manners, yet both had major influences on the language of what soon would become America.
The British Empire was somewhat late to the game in the world of colonization. The Spanish had already colonized much of South America and the Caribbean and the Dutch were right on their heels. The English had done very well in the previous two centuries and were facing a
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religious people and what they wanted from the new word was gold, as simple as that. They had a real beg army and they wanted to ruled and settled down in order to find gold an make their country more rich and powerful. By the other hand there also exist another civilization that wanted something, England. The English get to the new world by their will it was not by a king or queen request like the Spanish. There were various reasons why the American Colonies were established. The three most important themes of English colonization of America were religion, economics, and government. The most important reasons for colonization were to seek refuge, religious freedom, and economic opportunity. To a
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colonization of the Philippines occurred in 1564 and remained until 1898. During this time, Spanish replaced most of the native languages. Spanish was used for instruction and education. The people were forbidden to use their native language. Then again in 1898, Americans colonized the Philippines. English speaking took over, and became the language to be used in schools and for educating. The use of native languages was still forbidden. The national languages were Spanish and English. In 1935 the Philippine government worked to create their own new national language. In 1973, it established a new national language, Pilipino, based on the Tagalog language. In 1987 the spelling changed to
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of countering Spain's dominance in North America. In addition to these economic reasons for colonization, the English were also seeking to obtain the essential "raw materials" in America that they had been previously buying from other European countries for ridiculous amounts of money and gold.Many Englishmen wanted to go to America in search of gold in order to better their lives. The economics in Great Britain were not great, some classes were falling and some were rising on the economic scale. The change from Feudalism to capitalism in Great Britain, in addition to the changes in classes and fluctuations on the economic scale, was upsetting the conditions in England greatly. Due to these
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English, that is certainly not the case. A simple word “Wednesday” is pronounced “Wenzdā-dē” as opposed to “Wednesday” – the way it is actually written. Additionally, English has borrowed numerous words from other languages which gives the language an enormous vocabulary. By way of example, one could say beautiful, pretty, or gorgeous— all of which are synonymous. The irregularities in spelling, conjugation, and pronunciation are guilelessly the cherries on top of the cake. It, therefore, isn’t due to English being relatively easier than other languages.
In fact, the ascendancy of English as the lingua franca is first and foremost a result of imperialism. British colonization of North America
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economies of the world are English speaking countries. If a person wants to be succesfull in business life, he must built relationship with this economies. Therefore any businessman must learn English in order to be succesfull in economy. Naturally, since many English speaking countries are powerfull in both economies and politics their culture spread to other countries. One form of this culturel spread is colonization of countries. Economicly and politicly strong English speaking countries have in time colonized many samller countries. This colonies was effected by culture of the oppressing countries cultural. In the they have adopted religions, traditions and languages of this countries
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therefore creating a new language –
pidgin.
European expansion and colonization during the 16th-19th centuries
was a primary catalyst for many of the pidgins known today. Their
colonization had seen the appearance of new varieties of English
worldwide. Some of these remain local languages of relatively low
social status while others have become codified, standardized and
adopted by newly independent states as an official or main language.
Prominent languages such as French, Spanish, Portuguese, English and
Dutch were the languages of the Colonizers. They traveled and set up
ports in coastal towns where shipping and trading routes were
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first place, the former colony countries have anaclisis on English. After World War Two with their national independence movement, many colonial countries have declared independence, becoming a sovereign state, but they failed to get rid of dependence on the original sovereign state, especially they will depend on the language. That is why some outer-circle countries still use English and using English as their official language. For example, they will use English in national government department, court of justice, mass media and educational institutions. English still plays an important role in the outer-circle countries, because they need to speak English in the period of colonization. This
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-hungry upper class emerged from different colonial motives in New England and the Chesapeake.
The divergent development of New England and the Chesapeake region can be attributed to the motives behind each area’s colonization. New England had a religious focus; the Chesapeake, an economic one. Therefore, New England became a highly ordered, model society centered around the Church and community, whereas the Chesapeake region became a crude, competitive community that focused on the labor of the individual. Differences in development created different sources of conflict: New England fought with those who challenged the order created by the Church, and the Chesapeake region dealt with the class antagonism created by its colonies’ profit-based nature. Ultimately, even though New England and the Chesapeake region were distinctive areas, their shared English origin would unite them again in the coming American Revolution.
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Prior to the 1700s, English colonization occurred throughout the east coast of the New World. Large numbers of colonists arrived in areas that would soon be called the New England region and the Chesapeake region. As time passed, these two regions became two significantly different societies due to their colonization goals.New England colonists' focused on having religion as the foundation of their colony. Being that Massachusetts was settled by separatists, later by Puritans, almost all had a religious purpose to flee from England. For example, Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England in a sense where they could worship God the way they wanted to. In Document A, John Winthrop
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Africa to Asia around 70,000 years ago. The Aborigines are the indigenous people of Australia. They were the only people living on the continent until the colonization in 1788 by the UK. The biggest consequence for this colonization is that the British brought with them diseases such as measles, tuberculosis and smallpox. In the 19th century, smallpox was the biggest cause of Aboriginal deaths. Aboriginal people speak mostly English, but they do have a variety of their own language that they speak in phrases and words to create an Aboriginal English language. Before the English settled in Australia, the Aborigines had over 250 languages, as opposed to now when they have around 15 that they
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and writing easier. English is a Lingua Franca, so if someone wanted to express himself or explain something to someone they need to find a common language. And everywhere in the world, there is always a person who speaks English. People started learning English as a second language to be able to communicate and that is one monumental reason why English was spread so quickly. It started off with the British colonization and the Queen’s English to everyone speaking it. In Agard’s poem, he uses the creole to add his own identity into his writing and that added a deeper meaning to his message. This is shown when he says, “dem accuse me of assault on the Oxford dictionary” (Agard). Agard uses
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American English is now different from its British mother and we could say it is more than another dialect due to its importance nowadays. At the beginning of its history, after the American emancipation, there were two opposite attitudes towards the language: those who wanted to eradicate any legacy from the colonization and did not want a British model for their language and those who felt language loyalty towards mother- English. But finally, as in many British colonies, linguistic emancipation was a consequence of politics.The growing importance of American English is also due to politics: after World War II, when the United States assumed a more global role and had greater influence in
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stereotypes in Western culture, and formed, the justification for colonization.
To pin these works against the idea of colonization, Cesaire and Hwang must greatly alter the content. They do so, but they also mimic the styles of the original versions. A Tempest is written in modern English, and Shakespeare's songs are substituted with slave tunes. Hwang drops the operatic form and moves the setting to late 20th century Beijing from 19th Century Nagasaki. We should expect these changes, after all they are new versions of old pieces. What stands out in postcolonial drama is the overt way that the idea is delivered to the audience.
In A Tempest, Caliban says, "Call me X
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for the Spanish Monarchs. His interactions and perceptions with the Taino people were what initiated the launch of Spain’s colonization in the America’s. Unlike the admiration the English expressed upon meeting the indigenous people upon arrival (Hans, 1993), the result of the Spanish and Taino cultures meeting was plagued by many misconceptions on both sides. Columbus had predisposed beliefs and views toward the indigenous people through reading what previous explorers wrote, his own expectations of this “simplistic” culture, and by judging them in accordance with the Catholic belief, and influences of Western Europe at the time. The Taino also had misconstrued views of their visitors upon
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Colonization has been used throughout history as a means of expansion in the pursuit of profits and power. The effects of colonization through the view of the colonizers were one of liberation and progression. They viewed their practices, and needs as the top priority and justified it through their ethnicity, religion and technological advancement. For the colonized their structure of society and their lifestyle were essentially overhauled by the colonizers. The economic, social and cultural effects of such change are visible in today's society. The current economic and societal globalization is an advent of past colonization. The relationship between colonizers and the colonized is still
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The colonization of North America opened new doors in to European businessmen. New products brought new business, and therefore more profit. Among these new products was tobacco, something that had not before been introduced to Europe. In the 1580's, Francis Drake introduced tobacco to England, and soon became popular among consumers, and a high demand had developed by the 1610's. This was the first returns from the Virginia Company since they settled, and was helpful to it. Because of the demand for tobacco grew, this proved the Virginia Company worthwhile, and proved that this investment wasn't all-for-naught. When the demand increased, so did the Company, who's purpose in America grew as
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The colonization of North America opened new doors in to European businessmen. New products brought new business, and therefore more profit. Among these new products was tobacco, something that had not before been introduced to Europe. In the 1580's, Francis Drake introduced tobacco to England, and soon became popular among consumers, and a high demand had developed by the 1610's. This was the first returns from the Virginia Company since they settled, and was helpful to it. Because of the demand for tobacco grew, this proved the Virginia Company worthwhile, and proved that this investment wasn't all-for-naught. When the demand increased, so did the Company, who's purpose in America grew as
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both groups needed land for similar reasons, conflict wasn’t inevitable. The English needed land to colonize and to grow crops such as tobacco. The Powhatan needed land for colonization, growing crops, hunting for food, and fishing. If they shared the land, they would not only work together but also thrive by helping each other. Both groups shared three needs in common; food; crops to grow food were needed as well as space to hunt game, water; reservoirs needed to be located near shelter to use for drink and crops, and shelter; land was needed to build colonies for people to live in. If the English and Powhatan trusted each other (which they didn’t), then they could’ve cooperated. Since they
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nautical terms, rarely influenced standard English. During the mid-20th century, however, virtually all British and American men served in the military. Military slang entered the language like never before. Blockbuster, nose dive, camouflage, radar, roadblock, spearhead, and landing strip are all military terms that made their way into standard English.To sum up the English language, it is now can be considered American English. It began around 1600 AD and was the English colonization of North America and the creation of a distinct American dialect. Some pronunciations and usages stopped when they reached the American shore. In certain respects, American English is closer to the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Some "Americanisms" that the British decry are actually originally British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost at home. The English language was almost complete, but then the "Oxford English Dictionary" was finally born and then published in 1928 AD.
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colonization and business development of North America, driven by the tobacco economy, was the headright system, from which attracted many colonists with land grant. The consequence was undoubtedly revolutionary either from its impact on the world’s labour force or from its future development in colonization.
The Virginia Company’s remarkable influences upon the world could be traced back to its early establishment. With the first charter instructions proposed, the Virginia Company of London began to settle its first English colony in the year 1607; colonists arrived at an island which was known as Jamestown, Virginia. This location was a safe settlement place because it was away from the
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that. They had a real beg army and they wanted to ruled and settled down in order to find gold an make their country more rich and powerful. By the other hand there also exist another civilization that wanted something, England. The English get to the new world by their will it was not by a king or queen request like the Spanish. There were various reasons why the American Colonies were established. The three most important themes of English colonization of America were religion, economics, and government. The most important reasons for colonization were to seek refuge, religious freedom, and economic opportunity. To a less important point, the colonists wanted to establish a stable and
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beginning around 1600 AD was the English colonization of North America and the creation of a distinct American dialect. Some pronunciations and usages "froze" when they reached America. In certain respects, American English is closer to the English of Shakespeare than modern British English.Spanish has also been great influence on American English. "Armadillo", "mustang", "canyon", "ranch", "stampede", and "vigilante" are all examples of Spanish words that made their way into English through the settlement of the American West.To a lesser extent French, mainly via Louisiana, and West African, through the importation of slaves, words have influenced American English. "Armoire", "bayou", and "jambalaya" came into the language via New Orleans. "Goober", "gumbo", and "tote" are West African borrowings first used in America by slaves.
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established. The friars brought Christianity to the Indians. The French missionaries had a less lasting influence on the native population than the Spanish. They did not find any major missions but instead had many temporary mission stations, where priests read masses and performed sacraments. Motives for English explorers were the Northwest Passage, riches from colonization, and more land. Many of them were escaping from the religious wars that basically took over England in the 17th century. Unique to the English were the motives of the need for more land for England's surplus population and colonization. Because of all the knowledge of the New World paved out already, England explored for the best
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) Pennycook opines that English should not be considered as a killer language but one should adequately consider how it can be used in various contexts. Highlighting the importance of English in postcolonial context, Shaheera Jaffar remarks:
However for many societies the answer does not seem to come from rejection nor from assimilation into a foreign culture. The resolution has been to transform the intrusion of language into a tool and use it against the oppressor. It places them on a level equal to the colonizers. Not only has English been used to voice opinions against colonization, it has been amalgamated with indigenous cultures to assert one’s particular identity. (Jaffar 101)
Jaffar cites
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COLINIZATION IN ASIABetween the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries, European nations flourished. They gained control over a majority of the Western Hemisphere. From 1880 and 1914, Western powers set out to gain power in places such as Asia, Africa, and the Pacific, Asia becoming the location of their major colonies and a gold mine of economic gain. Through trade, military power and the exploitation of the local peoples many European nations gained control of south and East Asia for colonization. While these European colonizers brought some benefits to Asians, they were on the whole destructive as they had an overall negative effect on the local economies, the people and their cultural
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taken from us" (Ngugi 166). What the English do not understand, or rather choose to ignore, is by taking African land and reaping the benefits they not only steal their property, but their lives. As a result of colonization, many Africans are forced into poverty. The white colonizers have come in and essentially taken everything from the Africans, property, land, and their lives, "Stole them from us. STOLE everything from us" (Magona 116). While a major theme throughout the novels studied in class is the corrupt society of African nations, essentially focusing on the loose morals, thievery, and poverty, these novels raise the question, who is the real thief? The English have taken
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New Zealand by the British has affected the indigenous people, whether it be for the better or worse. Some lasting effects could be found today, such as Protestant being the main religion since that is a major religion in Great Britain. Some other effects are: the lasting English language, British culture, Auckland (being the most populated city as this was the hub of the Maori people), a low Maori population and a fading of their culture, and lastly, colonization has made NZ flourish and become a first world country like the United Kingdom as well. To wrap up, colonization has affected what has become of New Zealand today based on how they affected the population in the past.
Works Cited
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, New York: Barron's Educational Series Inc.
Deborah Willis, 'Shakespeare's Tempest and the Discourse of Colonialism', Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, 29, no.2, (1989)
Eric Cheyfitz, The Poetics of Imperialism: Translation and Colonization from The Tempest to Tarzan, (Oxford University Press, 1991)
Ritchie, D. and Broussar, A. (1997). American History: The Early Years to 1877. New York: Glencoe
Kanoff, Acott. (1998). Your Study Guide to William Shakespeare: The Tempest. Cleveland: The Cleveland Play House Education Department
William Shakespeare, The Tempest, ed. Frank Kermode, with an introduction by Frank Kermode, (Arden, 1964)
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writers selected the English language to give air to theirthoughts and feelings. The effect of colonization was so profound on them that it shatteredthe harmony between their native language and the language that they used in their schools.Their language was no longer treated as valid in the schools run by the missionaries. As aresult English acquired the dominant part in their writings as it became the symbol ofintelligence and ability in the arts, the sciences and all the other branches of learning.Moreover in order to come in terms with the world dominated by the English writers, thechoice that was left for them was to treat English as a perfect medium of communication. Onbeing asked that is
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The historical context of the documents complicate the narrative of the United States' "colonial beginnings" because it shows that the original treatment of the Native Americans shaped the United States' beginning, much more than what most are lead to believe. This is shown through the timing of certain events, the issues that caused the events, and the people who helped make many of the events happen or end.
The timing of the events, shown through the documents helps uncover some of the where and whys about why the treatment of the Native Americans shaped America’s beginnings. The main timing and reason was colonization. As the European settlers began to colonize the Americas, they saw
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